FORE:AMERICAN PROVINCES in 1763 AFTER THE CONTEMPORARY MAP by Peter BellOn the opening of Parliament, in January, 1738, a desperate effort was made by the Opposition at once to reduce the army and to kindle a war with Spain. Walpole proposed to place the army on a footing of seventeen thousand men. The "Patriots," as they were called, voted to reduce the number to twelve thousand. Walpole, exasperated at their factious conduct, launched an indignant sarcasm at them, which produced so much effect that they did not venture to divide on the motion. "No man of common sense," said Walpole, "will now profess himself openly a Jacobite; by so doing he not only may injure his private fortune, but must render himself less able to do any effectual service to the cause he has embraced; therefore there are but few such men in the kingdom. Your right Jacobite, sir, disguises his true sentiments. He roars out for revolutionary principles; he pretends to be a great friend to liberty and a great admirer of our ancient Constitution; and under this pretence there are numbers who every day endeavour to sow discontent among the people."

FORE: The Church after the Revolution��The Non-Jurors��The Act of Toleration��Comprehension Bill��Laxity of Religion��The Wesleys and Whitefield��Foundation of Methodism��Extension of the Movement��Literature��Survivors of the Stuart Period��Prose Writers: Bishop Burnet��Philosophers: Locke��Bishop Berkeley, etc.��Novelists: Fielding, Richardson, Smollett, and Sterne��Dr. Davenant��Bentley��Swift��Addison��Addison and Steele��Bolingbroke��Daniel Defoe��Lady Mary Wortley Montagu��Poets: Pope��His Prose Writings��Gay, Prior, Young, etc.��James Thomson, Allan Ramsay, Gray, and Minor Lights��Dramatists��Physical Science: Astronomers��Mathematicians��Electricians��Chemists��Medical Discoverers��Music: Purcell��Italian Music��Handel��Church Music��The Academy of Ancient Music and other Societies��Architecture��Wren and his Buildings��St. Paul's��His Churches and Palaces��Vanbrugh��Gibbs��Hawksmoor��Minor Architects��Painting and Sculpture: Lely and Kneller��Other Foreign Painters and Decorators��Thornhill��Other English Artists��Hogarth and his Works��Exhibition of British Artists��Sculptors��Shipping, Colonies, Commerce, and Manufactures��Increase of Canals��Woollen and Silk Trades��Irish Linens��Lace��Iron, Copper, and other Industries��Increase of the large Towns.Lord Wellington came up with him on the 9th of April, in the meantime having had to get across the rapid Garonne, with all his artillery and stores, in the face of the French batteries. The next morning, the 10th, being Easter Sunday,[76] Wellington attacked Soult in all his positions. These were remarkably strong, most of his troops being posted on well-fortified heights, bristling with cannon, various strongly-built houses being crammed with riflemen; while a network of vineyards and orchards, surrounded by stone walls, and intersected by streams, protected his men, and rendered the coming at them most difficult. The forces on both sides were nearly equal. Soult had about forty-two thousand men, and Wellington, besides his army composed of British, Germans, and Portuguese, had a division of fifteen thousand Spaniards. The difficulties of the situation far out-balanced the excess of about three thousand men on the British side; but every quarter was gallantly attacked and, after a severe conflict, carried. Soult retired into Toulouse, and during the ensuing night he evacuated it, and retreated to Carcassonne. The loss of the Allies in killed was six hundred, and about four thousand wounded. Soult confessed to three thousand two hundred killed and wounded, but we may calculate his total loss at little less than that of the Allies, although his troops had been protected by their stone walls and houses.

FORE:During this period a vast empire was beginning to unfold itself in the East Indies, destined to produce a vast trade, and pour a perfect mine of wealth into Great Britain. The victories of Clive, Eyre Coote, and others, were telling on our commerce. During the early part of this period this effect was slow, and our exports to India and China up to 1741 did not average more than ��148,000 per annum in value. Bullion, however, was exported to pay expenses and to purchase tea to an annual amount of upwards of half a million. Towards the end of this period, however, our exports to India and China amounted annually to more than half a million; and the necessity for the export of bullion had sunk to an annual demand for less than ��100,000. The amount of tea imported from China during this period rose from about 140,000 pounds annually to nearly 3,000,000 pounds annually��an enormous increase.

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FORE:Continuing southwards, Mackintosh joined the English insurgents at Kelso on the 22nd. This united force now amounted altogether to about two thousand men��one thousand four hundred foot commanded by Mackintosh, and six hundred horse under Lord Kenmure and Mr. Forster. This force might, in the paucity of troops in the service of the king, have produced a great effect had they marched unitedly southward and engaged General Carpenter, who was advancing from Newcastle, with only about nine hundred cavalry, to attack them; or had they gone at once north, taken Argyll in the rear, and then combined with Mar. But after marching to Jedburgh and then to Hawick, the Scots and English formed two different opinions. The Scots would not enter England, being persuaded by the Earl of Wintoun that, if they went into England, they would be all cut to pieces, or be sold for slaves. Mackintosh was willing to enter England, but they would listen to no one but Wintoun. Several hundred Highlanders deserted, and the remainder of the army, under the inefficient command of Forster, marched into England and reached Preston without molestation.

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