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THREE: FORE:Chapter 4Here all further progress became impossible. The Spaniards having reduced their debt to less than one half the original sum, were fighting stoutly to reduce it to nothing. There appeared no chance but for arms to decide it. Cardinal Fleury, with his usual pacific disposition, made an effort to avert the war by guaranteeing to undertake the payment of the ninety-five thousand pounds by Spain, provided that the British fleet was withdrawn from the Mediterranean. But English spirit, even in Walpole, had now reached its limit of patience. The king and the nation were equally in a mood for war. Walpole, therefore, ceased to listen any longer to the Spanish objections, but took his stand on the true British ground of resistance to the right of search, and on that of an acknowledgment of all British rights and claims in North America. Instead of withdrawing the Mediterranean fleet, he ordered its reinforcement, sent Sir Chaloner Ogle with fresh ships to the West Indies, and Sir John Norris was ordered to put to sea with a third squadron. The above demands being peremptorily made from the Court of Madrid, and being rejected, war was proclaimed in London on the 19th of October. Walpole, who had reluctantly resorted to this master evil, as he heard the rejoicings, exclaimed, "They may ring the bells now, but they will soon be wringing their hands!" The first symptoms of the consequences which the war was likely to produce were seen in the new hopes which it awoke in the ranks of the Jacobites. Large numbers of them met at Edinburgh, and drew up a bond of association, pledging one another to take arms and venture life and fortune for the restoration of the Stuart. On the other hand, those nations on which England calculated for aid hung back and remained neutral. The Dutch were bound to furnish certain troops in case of war, and, before the declaration of it, Horace Walpole was despatched by his brother to demand their production; but they pleaded the menaces of France, which threatened them with invasion by fifty thousand men if they assisted the English, and which held out to them the prospect of their obtaining that trade to the Spanish colonies which England had enjoyed. As for France herself, she assumed an air rather ominous of war than of peace, and thus Britain was left alone in the contest.

THREE:��Yes. Mr. Whiteside paid for it.�� FORE: Gage attempts to seize American Arms��Skirmish at Lexington��Blockade of Boston��The Second Congress at Philadelphia��Washington chosen Commander-in-Chief��Fall of Ticonderoga and Crown Point��Washington at Boston��Battle of Bunker's Hill��The Olive Branch Petition��Condition of the American Army��Expedition against Canada��Capture of Montreal��Arnold's Expedition��His Junction with Montgomery��Failure of the Attack on Quebec��The Employment of German Mercenaries��Washington seizes Dorchester Heights��Evacuation of Boston��Howe retires to Halifax��The War in Canada��Thomas's Retreat��Sullivan evacuates Canada��The War in the South��Attack on Charleston��Paine's Pamphlet, "Common Sense"��New York and Virginia decide for Independence��Debate in Congress��Report of the Committee��Arbitrary Proceedings��The Declaration��Overtures to France��Arrival of Lord Howe��Position of Washington��Howe's Overtures��Battle of Brooklyn��Washington's Retreat��His Desperate Position��Howe receives a Deputation from Congress��Washington retires Step by Step��Cornwallis's Pursuit��Close of the Campaign��The Articles of Confederation published by Congress��Fresh Overtures to France��Parliament votes large Sums of Money��John the Painter��Chatham demands a Cessation of Hostilities��Washington's Change of Tactics��Surprise of Trenton��Washington outman?uvres Cornwallis��He recovers New Jersey��Difficulties of Congress��Howe advances against Washington��Alteration of Howe's Plans��Battle of the Brandywine��Howe crosses the Schuylkill��Cornwallis enters Philadelphia��Battle of Germantown��Washington at Valley Forge��Burgoyne's Plan of Campaign��His Advance��St. Clair's Defeat��Burgoyne on the Hudson��The Beginning of his Misfortunes��Battle of Bemus's Heights��Burgoyne's Message to Clinton��He is Surrounded��He attempts to cut his Way through��The Surrender of Saratoga��Clinton's Failure to relieve Burgoyne��Close of the Campaign.Then the journalist tried entreaty. He had a wife and children.

THREE:��Why?�� FORE:The Earl of Bute became more and more unpopular. The conditions of the peace were greatly disapproved, and the assurance that not only Bute, but the king's mother and the Duke of Bedford, had received French money for carrying the peace, was generally believed. The conduct of Bute in surrounding the king with his creatures, in which he was joined by the Princess of Wales, added much to the public odium. George was always of a domestic and retiring character, and he was now rarely seen, except when he went once or twice a-year to Parliament, or at levees, which were cold, formal, and unfrequent. Though, probably, the main cause of this was the natural disposition of himself and queen, yet Bute and the princess got the credit of it. Then the manner in which Bute paid his visits to the princess tended to confirm the rumours of their guilty intimacy. He used always to go in an evening in a sedan chair belonging to one of the ladies of the princess's household, with the curtains drawn, and taking every other precaution of not being seen. There were numbers of lampoons launched at the favourite and the princess. They were compared to Queen Isabella and Mortimer, and Wilkes actually wrote an ironical dedication of Ben Jonson's play of "The Fall of Mortimer," to Bute.��He��s making straight for Greenwich, on the Connecticut side,�� Dick decided, knowing a good deal about the Sound ports.