ONE: Et malgr�� notre impatience,��On reaching Berlin I went at once to the custom-house, and handed them my royal order. The head man opened the seal. In reading, he changed color��went from pale to red; said nothing, and gave it to the second man to read. The second put on his spectacles, read, and gave it to the third. However, the head man rallied himself at last. I was to come forward and be so good as to write a receipt that I had received for my four hundred thalers, all in batzen, the same sum in Brandenburg coin, ready down, without the least deduction. My cash was at once accurately paid, and thereupon the steward was ordered to go with me to the ��White Swan,�� and pay what I owed there, whatever my score was. That was what the king had meant when he said ��you shall have your money back, and interest too.���� FORE:321 ��First he asked me ��if it were true that the French nation were so angered against him, if the king was, and if you were.�� I answered ��that there was nothing permanent.�� He then condescended to speak fully upon the reasons which induced him to make peace. These reasons were so remarkable that I dare not trust them to this paper. All that I dare say is, that it seems to me easy to lead back the mind of this sovereign, whom the situation of his territories, his interest, and his taste would appear to mark as the natural ally of France. He said, moreover, ��that he earnestly desired to see Bohemia in the emperor��s hands, that he renounced all claim on Berg and Jülick, and that he thought only of keeping Silesia.�� He said ��that he knew well enough that the house of Austria would one day wish to recover that fine province, but that he trusted he could keep his conquest. That he had at that time a hundred and thirty thousand soldiers perfectly prepared for war; that he would make of Neisse, Glogau, and Brieg fortresses as strong as Wesel; that he was well informed that the Queen of Hungary owed eighty million German crowns (,000,000); that her provinces, exhausted and wide apart, would not be able to make long efforts; and that the Austrians for a long time to come could not of themselves be formidable.����71

ONE: Incessant Marches and Battles.��Letter from Frederick to D��Argens.��Letter to his Brother Henry.��Berlin summoned to Surrender.��Sacking of the City.��Letter to D��Argens.��Desperate Resolves of Frederick.��The Resort of Suicide.��Remarkable Address of Frederick to his Generals.��Bloody Battle of Torgau.��Dismal Night-scene.��Familiarity of the King with the Soldiers.��Winter Quarters at Freiberg.��Singular Letter to the Countess of Camas.��Death of the Princess Amelia.��Anecdotes of the King.��His domestic Habits.��His unscrupulous Measures to obtain Men and Money.��Letter of Charlotte of Mecklenburg. FORE:

ONE:

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THREE:England, while endeavoring to subsidize Russia against Frederick, entered secretly into a sort of alliance with Frederick, hoping thus to save Hanover. The Empress Elizabeth, of Russia, heartily united with Maria Theresa against Frederick, whom she personally disliked, and whose encroachments she dreaded. His Prussian majesty, proud of his powers of sarcasm, in his poems spared neither friend nor foe. He had written some very severe things against the Russian empress, which had reached her ears.100Dessau was a little independent principality embracing a few square miles, about eighty miles southwest of Prussia. The prince had a Liliputian army, and a revenue of about fifty thousand dollars. Leopold��s mother was the sister of the great Elector of Brandenburg��s first wife. The little principality was thus, by matrimonial alliance as well as location, in affinity with Prussia.

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ONE:CHAPTER XXVII. THE LEUTHEN CAMPAIGN.At nine o��clock Frederick received one of the general officers, and arranged with him all the military affairs of the day, usually dismissing him loaded with business. At ten o��clock he reviewed some one of the regiments; and then, after attending parade, devoted himself to literary pursuits or private correspondence until dinner-time. This was the portion of the day he usually appropriated to authorship. He was accustomed to compose, both in prose and verse, while slowly traversing the graveled walks of his garden.

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THREE:��As Frederick��s seven years�� struggle of war may be called superhuman, so was there also, in his present labor of peace, something enormous, which appeared to his contemporaries almost preternatural, at times inhuman. It was grand, but also terrible, that the success of the whole was to him, at all moments, the one thing to be striven after. The comfort of the individual was of no concern at all.��189The Austrian centre was pushed rapidly forward to the aid of the discomfited left. It was too late. The soldiers arrived upon the ground breathless and in disorder. Before they had time to form, Frederick plowed their ranks with balls, swept them with bullets, and fell upon them mercilessly with sabre and bayonet. The carnage was awful. Division after division melted away in the fire deluge which consumed them. Prince Charles made the most desperate efforts to rally his dismayed troops in and around the church-yard at Leuthen. Here for an hour they fought desperately. But it was all in vain. The left wing was destroyed. The centre was destroyed. The right wing was pushed forward only to be cut to pieces by the sabres, and to be mown down by the terrific fire of the triumphant Prussians.

ONE:Thus parted these remarkable men, who were never destined to meet again.

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He then gave minute directions as to what he wished to have done in case of his death. Marching rapidly through Liegnitz and Hohenfriedberg, he reached Frankfort-on-the-Oder on Sunday, the 20th of August. He was now within twenty miles of Cüstrin, and the bombardment by the heavy siege guns of the Russians could be distinctly heard. Frederick took lodgings at the house of a clergyman��s widow. Frequently he arose and went out of doors, listening impatiently to the cannonade. An eye-witness writes:

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��I observed that the king took a pinch of snuff as the sound of each discharge reached him. And even through that air of intrepidity, which never abandoned this prince, I could perceive the sensations of pity toward that unfortunate town, and an eager impatience to fly to its relief.��The Emperor Charles VI. left no son. He therefore promulgated a new law of succession in a decree known throughout213 Europe as the ��Pragmatic Sanction.�� By the custom of the realm the sceptre could descend only to male heirs. But by this decree the king declared that the crown of the house of Hapsburg should be transmitted to his daughter, Maria Theresa. This law had been ratified by the estates of all the kingdoms and principalities which composed the Austrian monarchy. All the leading powers of Europe��England, France, Spain, Prussia, Russia, Poland, Sweden, Denmark, and the Germanic body��had bound themselves by treaty to maintain the ��Pragmatic Sanction.�� It was a peaceable and wise arrangement, acceptable to the people of Austria and to the dynasties of Europe as a means of averting a war of succession, which might involve all the nations of the Continent in the conflict.

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